What is the P Factor in aviation?

P Factor, or asymmetric thrust, is the phenomenon that occurs in propeller-driven aircraft, particularly at higher angles of attack. When the aircraft is climbing, the downward-moving blade on the right side of the propeller produces more thrust than the upward-moving blade on the left due to the angle of attack and the aerodynamics involved. This imbalance results in a left turning tendency, which pilots must counteract, particularly during takeoff and climb.

Understanding P Factor is crucial for pilots as it affects the aircraft's control and handling characteristics. When operating at a high angle of attack, especially in single-engine planes, the need to manage this left-turning tendency becomes critical to maintain straight flight. Pilots need to apply right rudder input to counteract this tendency and keep the aircraft on the desired flight path.

This concept highlights essential aspects of aerodynamics that affect flight, especially during critical phases such as takeoff and climb, making it an important topic for pilot training and safety.